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What instrument is primarily used for direct retinal examination?

  1. Slit lamp

  2. Ophthalmoscope

  3. Keratoscope

  4. Phoropter

The correct answer is: Ophthalmoscope

The instrument primarily used for direct retinal examination is the ophthalmoscope. This device is specifically designed to magnify and illuminate the retina, allowing for a clear and detailed view of the fundus and other structures at the back of the eye. The ophthalmoscope enables healthcare providers to detect various ocular conditions, including retinal diseases, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy, by viewing the retina directly. The slit lamp, although valuable for examining the anterior segment of the eye and providing a 3D view of the structures, is not intended for direct retinal examination. The keratoscope is focused on measuring the curvature of the cornea and does not allow visualization of the retina. Similarly, the phoropter is primarily used for determining refraction and vision correction; it does not facilitate direct examination of the retinal structures. Therefore, the unique design and purpose of the ophthalmoscope make it the correct choice for this type of examination.