Certified Ophthalmic Assistant Practice Exam

Which of the following conditions is associated with sudden loss of vision without pain and requires immediate action?

1. Diabetic retinopathy

2. Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)

3. Chronic glaucoma

4. Retinal hemorrhage

The correct answer is: Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is indeed associated with a sudden loss of vision without pain, making it a critical condition that requires immediate medical action. This occlusion occurs when the central retinal artery is blocked, often due to an embolism. The sudden interruption of blood supply can lead to irreversible damage to the retinal cells, resulting in significant and permanent vision loss if not treated promptly. In contrast, diabetic retinopathy is a progressive condition often resulting in gradual vision loss rather than sudden changes, while chronic glaucoma typically leads to a gradual loss of peripheral vision followed by central vision loss, all of which occur over time and not acutely. Retinal hemorrhage can also contribute to visual changes but usually involves other signs such as floaters or shadows and may not be as immediate or severe as CRAO. Therefore, recognizing CRAO's symptoms and the urgency of the situation is crucial for preserving vision.